Type Alias SharedSinkFrontier

type SharedSinkFrontier = Rc<RefCell<Antichain<Timestamp>>>;

Type of the shared sink write frontier.

Aliased Type

struct SharedSinkFrontier { /* private fields */ }

Implementations

impl<T> Rc<T>

where T: ?Sized,

pub unsafe fn from_raw(ptr: *const T) -> Rc<T>

Constructs an Rc<T> from a raw pointer.

The raw pointer must have been previously returned by a call to Rc<U>::into_raw with the following requirements:

• If U is sized, it must have the same size and alignment as T. This is trivially true if U is T.
• If U is unsized, its data pointer must have the same size and alignment as T. This is trivially true if Rc<U> was constructed through Rc<T> and then converted to Rc<U> through an unsized coercion.

Note that if U or U’s data pointer is not T but has the same size and alignment, this is basically like transmuting references of different types. See mem::transmute for more information on what restrictions apply in this case.

The raw pointer must point to a block of memory allocated by the global allocator

The user of from_raw has to make sure a specific value of T is only dropped once.

This function is unsafe because improper use may lead to memory unsafety, even if the returned Rc<T> is never accessed.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let x = Rc::new("hello".to_owned());
let x_ptr = Rc::into_raw(x);

unsafe {
    // Convert back to an `Rc` to prevent leak.
    let x = Rc::from_raw(x_ptr);
    assert_eq!(&*x, "hello");

    // Further calls to `Rc::from_raw(x_ptr)` would be memory-unsafe.
}

// The memory was freed when `x` went out of scope above, so `x_ptr` is now dangling!

Convert a slice back into its original array:

use std::rc::Rc;

let x: Rc<[u32]> = Rc::new([1, 2, 3]);
let x_ptr: *const [u32] = Rc::into_raw(x);

unsafe {
    let x: Rc<[u32; 3]> = Rc::from_raw(x_ptr.cast::<[u32; 3]>());
    assert_eq!(&*x, &[1, 2, 3]);
}

pub unsafe fn increment_strong_count(ptr: *const T)

Increments the strong reference count on the Rc<T> associated with the provided pointer by one.

Safety

The pointer must have been obtained through Rc::into_raw and must satisfy the same layout requirements specified in Rc::from_raw_in. The associated Rc instance must be valid (i.e. the strong count must be at least 1) for the duration of this method, and ptr must point to a block of memory allocated by the global allocator.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);

unsafe {
    let ptr = Rc::into_raw(five);
    Rc::increment_strong_count(ptr);

    let five = Rc::from_raw(ptr);
    assert_eq!(2, Rc::strong_count(&five));
}

pub unsafe fn decrement_strong_count(ptr: *const T)

Decrements the strong reference count on the Rc<T> associated with the provided pointer by one.

Safety

The pointer must have been obtained through Rc::into_rawand must satisfy the same layout requirements specified in Rc::from_raw_in. The associated Rc instance must be valid (i.e. the strong count must be at least 1) when invoking this method, and ptr must point to a block of memory allocated by the global allocator. This method can be used to release the final Rc and backing storage, but should not be called after the final Rc has been released.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);

unsafe {
    let ptr = Rc::into_raw(five);
    Rc::increment_strong_count(ptr);

    let five = Rc::from_raw(ptr);
    assert_eq!(2, Rc::strong_count(&five));
    Rc::decrement_strong_count(ptr);
    assert_eq!(1, Rc::strong_count(&five));
}

impl<T> Rc<T>

pub fn new(value: T) -> Rc<T>

Constructs a new Rc<T>.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);

pub fn new_cyclic<F>(data_fn: F) -> Rc<T>

where F: FnOnce(&Weak<T>) -> T,

Constructs a new Rc<T> while giving you a Weak<T> to the allocation, to allow you to construct a T which holds a weak pointer to itself.

Generally, a structure circularly referencing itself, either directly or indirectly, should not hold a strong reference to itself to prevent a memory leak. Using this function, you get access to the weak pointer during the initialization of T, before the Rc<T> is created, such that you can clone and store it inside the T.

new_cyclic first allocates the managed allocation for the Rc<T>, then calls your closure, giving it a Weak<T> to this allocation, and only afterwards completes the construction of the Rc<T> by placing the T returned from your closure into the allocation.

Since the new Rc<T> is not fully-constructed until Rc<T>::new_cyclic returns, calling upgrade on the weak reference inside your closure will fail and result in a None value.

Panics

If data_fn panics, the panic is propagated to the caller, and the temporary Weak<T> is dropped normally.

Examples

use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};

struct Gadget {
    me: Weak<Gadget>,
}

impl Gadget {
    /// Constructs a reference counted Gadget.
    fn new() -> Rc<Self> {
        // `me` is a `Weak<Gadget>` pointing at the new allocation of the
        // `Rc` we're constructing.
        Rc::new_cyclic(|me| {
            // Create the actual struct here.
            Gadget { me: me.clone() }
        })
    }

    /// Returns a reference counted pointer to Self.
    fn me(&self) -> Rc<Self> {
        self.me.upgrade().unwrap()
    }
}

pub fn new_uninit() -> Rc<MaybeUninit<T>>

Constructs a new Rc with uninitialized contents.

Examples

#![feature(get_mut_unchecked)]

use std::rc::Rc;

let mut five = Rc::<u32>::new_uninit();

// Deferred initialization:
Rc::get_mut(&mut five).unwrap().write(5);

let five = unsafe { five.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*five, 5)

pub fn new_zeroed() -> Rc<MaybeUninit<T>>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (new_zeroed_alloc)

Constructs a new Rc with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes.

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

Examples

#![feature(new_zeroed_alloc)]

use std::rc::Rc;

let zero = Rc::<u32>::new_zeroed();
let zero = unsafe { zero.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*zero, 0)

pub fn try_new(value: T) -> Result<Rc<T>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Rc<T>, returning an error if the allocation fails

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]
use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::try_new(5);

pub fn try_new_uninit() -> Result<Rc<MaybeUninit<T>>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Rc with uninitialized contents, returning an error if the allocation fails

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]
#![feature(get_mut_unchecked)]

use std::rc::Rc;

let mut five = Rc::<u32>::try_new_uninit()?;

// Deferred initialization:
Rc::get_mut(&mut five).unwrap().write(5);

let five = unsafe { five.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*five, 5);

pub fn try_new_zeroed() -> Result<Rc<MaybeUninit<T>>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Rc with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes, returning an error if the allocation fails

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::rc::Rc;

let zero = Rc::<u32>::try_new_zeroed()?;
let zero = unsafe { zero.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*zero, 0);

pub fn pin(value: T) -> Pin<Rc<T>>

Constructs a new Pin<Rc<T>>. If T does not implement Unpin, then value will be pinned in memory and unable to be moved.

impl<T, A> Rc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

pub fn allocator(this: &Rc<T, A>) -> &A

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Returns a reference to the underlying allocator.

Note: this is an associated function, which means that you have to call it as Rc::allocator(&r) instead of r.allocator(). This is so that there is no conflict with a method on the inner type.

pub fn into_raw(this: Rc<T, A>) -> *const T

Consumes the Rc, returning the wrapped pointer.

To avoid a memory leak the pointer must be converted back to an Rc using Rc::from_raw.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let x = Rc::new("hello".to_owned());
let x_ptr = Rc::into_raw(x);
assert_eq!(unsafe { &*x_ptr }, "hello");

pub fn into_raw_with_allocator(this: Rc<T, A>) -> (*const T, A)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Consumes the Rc, returning the wrapped pointer and allocator.

To avoid a memory leak the pointer must be converted back to an Rc using Rc::from_raw_in.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]
use std::rc::Rc;
use std::alloc::System;

let x = Rc::new_in("hello".to_owned(), System);
let (ptr, alloc) = Rc::into_raw_with_allocator(x);
assert_eq!(unsafe { &*ptr }, "hello");
let x = unsafe { Rc::from_raw_in(ptr, alloc) };
assert_eq!(&*x, "hello");

pub fn as_ptr(this: &Rc<T, A>) -> *const T

Provides a raw pointer to the data.

The counts are not affected in any way and the Rc is not consumed. The pointer is valid for as long as there are strong counts in the Rc.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let x = Rc::new(0);
let y = Rc::clone(&x);
let x_ptr = Rc::as_ptr(&x);
assert_eq!(x_ptr, Rc::as_ptr(&y));
assert_eq!(unsafe { *x_ptr }, 0);

pub unsafe fn from_raw_in(ptr: *const T, alloc: A) -> Rc<T, A>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs an Rc<T, A> from a raw pointer in the provided allocator.

The raw pointer must have been previously returned by a call to Rc<U, A>::into_raw with the following requirements:

• If U is sized, it must have the same size and alignment as T. This is trivially true if U is T.
• If U is unsized, its data pointer must have the same size and alignment as T. This is trivially true if Rc<U> was constructed through Rc<T> and then converted to Rc<U> through an unsized coercion.

Note that if U or U’s data pointer is not T but has the same size and alignment, this is basically like transmuting references of different types. See mem::transmute for more information on what restrictions apply in this case.

The raw pointer must point to a block of memory allocated by alloc

The user of from_raw has to make sure a specific value of T is only dropped once.

This function is unsafe because improper use may lead to memory unsafety, even if the returned Rc<T> is never accessed.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::rc::Rc;
use std::alloc::System;

let x = Rc::new_in("hello".to_owned(), System);
let x_ptr = Rc::into_raw(x);

unsafe {
    // Convert back to an `Rc` to prevent leak.
    let x = Rc::from_raw_in(x_ptr, System);
    assert_eq!(&*x, "hello");

    // Further calls to `Rc::from_raw(x_ptr)` would be memory-unsafe.
}

// The memory was freed when `x` went out of scope above, so `x_ptr` is now dangling!

Convert a slice back into its original array:

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::rc::Rc;
use std::alloc::System;

let x: Rc<[u32], _> = Rc::new_in([1, 2, 3], System);
let x_ptr: *const [u32] = Rc::into_raw(x);

unsafe {
    let x: Rc<[u32; 3], _> = Rc::from_raw_in(x_ptr.cast::<[u32; 3]>(), System);
    assert_eq!(&*x, &[1, 2, 3]);
}

pub fn downgrade(this: &Rc<T, A>) -> Weak<T, A>

where A: Clone,

Creates a new Weak pointer to this allocation.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);

let weak_five = Rc::downgrade(&five);

pub fn weak_count(this: &Rc<T, A>) -> usize

Gets the number of Weak pointers to this allocation.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);
let _weak_five = Rc::downgrade(&five);

assert_eq!(1, Rc::weak_count(&five));

pub fn strong_count(this: &Rc<T, A>) -> usize

Gets the number of strong (Rc) pointers to this allocation.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);
let _also_five = Rc::clone(&five);

assert_eq!(2, Rc::strong_count(&five));

pub unsafe fn increment_strong_count_in(ptr: *const T, alloc: A)

where A: Clone,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Increments the strong reference count on the Rc<T> associated with the provided pointer by one.

Safety

The pointer must have been obtained through Rc::into_raw and must satisfy the same layout requirements specified in Rc::from_raw_in. The associated Rc instance must be valid (i.e. the strong count must be at least 1) for the duration of this method, and ptr must point to a block of memory allocated by alloc.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::rc::Rc;
use std::alloc::System;

let five = Rc::new_in(5, System);

unsafe {
    let ptr = Rc::into_raw(five);
    Rc::increment_strong_count_in(ptr, System);

    let five = Rc::from_raw_in(ptr, System);
    assert_eq!(2, Rc::strong_count(&five));
}

pub unsafe fn decrement_strong_count_in(ptr: *const T, alloc: A)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Decrements the strong reference count on the Rc<T> associated with the provided pointer by one.

Safety

The pointer must have been obtained through Rc::into_rawand must satisfy the same layout requirements specified in Rc::from_raw_in. The associated Rc instance must be valid (i.e. the strong count must be at least 1) when invoking this method, and ptr must point to a block of memory allocated by alloc. This method can be used to release the final Rc and backing storage, but should not be called after the final Rc has been released.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::rc::Rc;
use std::alloc::System;

let five = Rc::new_in(5, System);

unsafe {
    let ptr = Rc::into_raw(five);
    Rc::increment_strong_count_in(ptr, System);

    let five = Rc::from_raw_in(ptr, System);
    assert_eq!(2, Rc::strong_count(&five));
    Rc::decrement_strong_count_in(ptr, System);
    assert_eq!(1, Rc::strong_count(&five));
}

pub fn get_mut(this: &mut Rc<T, A>) -> Option<&mut T>

Returns a mutable reference into the given Rc, if there are no other Rc or Weak pointers to the same allocation.

Returns None otherwise, because it is not safe to mutate a shared value.

See also make_mut, which will clone the inner value when there are other Rc pointers.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let mut x = Rc::new(3);
*Rc::get_mut(&mut x).unwrap() = 4;
assert_eq!(*x, 4);

let _y = Rc::clone(&x);
assert!(Rc::get_mut(&mut x).is_none());

pub unsafe fn get_mut_unchecked(this: &mut Rc<T, A>) -> &mut T

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (get_mut_unchecked)

Returns a mutable reference into the given Rc, without any check.

See also get_mut, which is safe and does appropriate checks.

Safety

If any other Rc or Weak pointers to the same allocation exist, then they must not be dereferenced or have active borrows for the duration of the returned borrow, and their inner type must be exactly the same as the inner type of this Rc (including lifetimes). This is trivially the case if no such pointers exist, for example immediately after Rc::new.

Examples

#![feature(get_mut_unchecked)]

use std::rc::Rc;

let mut x = Rc::new(String::new());
unsafe {
    Rc::get_mut_unchecked(&mut x).push_str("foo")
}
assert_eq!(*x, "foo");

Other Rc pointers to the same allocation must be to the same type.

#![feature(get_mut_unchecked)]

use std::rc::Rc;

let x: Rc<str> = Rc::from("Hello, world!");
let mut y: Rc<[u8]> = x.clone().into();
unsafe {
    // this is Undefined Behavior, because x's inner type is str, not [u8]
    Rc::get_mut_unchecked(&mut y).fill(0xff); // 0xff is invalid in UTF-8
}
println!("{}", &*x); // Invalid UTF-8 in a str

Other Rc pointers to the same allocation must be to the exact same type, including lifetimes.

#![feature(get_mut_unchecked)]

use std::rc::Rc;

let x: Rc<&str> = Rc::new("Hello, world!");
{
    let s = String::from("Oh, no!");
    let mut y: Rc<&str> = x.clone();
    unsafe {
        // this is Undefined Behavior, because x's inner type
        // is &'long str, not &'short str
        *Rc::get_mut_unchecked(&mut y) = &s;
    }
}
println!("{}", &*x); // Use-after-free

pub fn ptr_eq(this: &Rc<T, A>, other: &Rc<T, A>) -> bool

Returns true if the two Rcs point to the same allocation in a vein similar to ptr::eq. This function ignores the metadata of dyn Trait pointers.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);
let same_five = Rc::clone(&five);
let other_five = Rc::new(5);

assert!(Rc::ptr_eq(&five, &same_five));
assert!(!Rc::ptr_eq(&five, &other_five));

impl<T, A> Rc<T, A>

where T: CloneToUninit + ?Sized, A: Allocator + Clone,

pub fn make_mut(this: &mut Rc<T, A>) -> &mut T

Makes a mutable reference into the given Rc.

If there are other Rc pointers to the same allocation, then make_mut will clone the inner value to a new allocation to ensure unique ownership. This is also referred to as clone-on-write.

However, if there are no other Rc pointers to this allocation, but some Weak pointers, then the Weak pointers will be disassociated and the inner value will not be cloned.

See also get_mut, which will fail rather than cloning the inner value or disassociating Weak pointers.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let mut data = Rc::new(5);

*Rc::make_mut(&mut data) += 1;         // Won't clone anything
let mut other_data = Rc::clone(&data); // Won't clone inner data
*Rc::make_mut(&mut data) += 1;         // Clones inner data
*Rc::make_mut(&mut data) += 1;         // Won't clone anything
*Rc::make_mut(&mut other_data) *= 2;   // Won't clone anything

// Now `data` and `other_data` point to different allocations.
assert_eq!(*data, 8);
assert_eq!(*other_data, 12);

Weak pointers will be disassociated:

use std::rc::Rc;

let mut data = Rc::new(75);
let weak = Rc::downgrade(&data);

assert!(75 == *data);
assert!(75 == *weak.upgrade().unwrap());

*Rc::make_mut(&mut data) += 1;

assert!(76 == *data);
assert!(weak.upgrade().is_none());

impl<T, A> Rc<T, A>

where T: Clone, A: Allocator,

pub fn unwrap_or_clone(this: Rc<T, A>) -> T

If we have the only reference to T then unwrap it. Otherwise, clone T and return the clone.

Assuming rc_t is of type Rc<T>, this function is functionally equivalent to (*rc_t).clone(), but will avoid cloning the inner value where possible.

Examples

let inner = String::from("test");
let ptr = inner.as_ptr();

let rc = Rc::new(inner);
let inner = Rc::unwrap_or_clone(rc);
// The inner value was not cloned
assert!(ptr::eq(ptr, inner.as_ptr()));

let rc = Rc::new(inner);
let rc2 = rc.clone();
let inner = Rc::unwrap_or_clone(rc);
// Because there were 2 references, we had to clone the inner value.
assert!(!ptr::eq(ptr, inner.as_ptr()));
// `rc2` is the last reference, so when we unwrap it we get back
// the original `String`.
let inner = Rc::unwrap_or_clone(rc2);
assert!(ptr::eq(ptr, inner.as_ptr()));

impl<T, A> Rc<T, A>

where A: Allocator,

pub fn new_in(value: T, alloc: A) -> Rc<T, A>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Rc in the provided allocator.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]
use std::rc::Rc;
use std::alloc::System;

let five = Rc::new_in(5, System);

pub fn new_uninit_in(alloc: A) -> Rc<MaybeUninit<T>, A>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Rc with uninitialized contents in the provided allocator.

Examples

#![feature(get_mut_unchecked)]
#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::rc::Rc;
use std::alloc::System;

let mut five = Rc::<u32, _>::new_uninit_in(System);

let five = unsafe {
    // Deferred initialization:
    Rc::get_mut_unchecked(&mut five).as_mut_ptr().write(5);

    five.assume_init()
};

assert_eq!(*five, 5)

pub fn new_zeroed_in(alloc: A) -> Rc<MaybeUninit<T>, A>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Rc with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes, in the provided allocator.

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::rc::Rc;
use std::alloc::System;

let zero = Rc::<u32, _>::new_zeroed_in(System);
let zero = unsafe { zero.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*zero, 0)

pub fn new_cyclic_in<F>(data_fn: F, alloc: A) -> Rc<T, A>

where F: FnOnce(&Weak<T, A>) -> T,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Rc<T, A> in the given allocator while giving you a Weak<T, A> to the allocation, to allow you to construct a T which holds a weak pointer to itself.

Generally, a structure circularly referencing itself, either directly or indirectly, should not hold a strong reference to itself to prevent a memory leak. Using this function, you get access to the weak pointer during the initialization of T, before the Rc<T, A> is created, such that you can clone and store it inside the T.

new_cyclic_in first allocates the managed allocation for the Rc<T, A>, then calls your closure, giving it a Weak<T, A> to this allocation, and only afterwards completes the construction of the Rc<T, A> by placing the T returned from your closure into the allocation.

Since the new Rc<T, A> is not fully-constructed until Rc<T, A>::new_cyclic_in returns, calling upgrade on the weak reference inside your closure will fail and result in a None value.

Panics

If data_fn panics, the panic is propagated to the caller, and the temporary Weak<T, A> is dropped normally.

Examples

See new_cyclic.

pub fn try_new_in(value: T, alloc: A) -> Result<Rc<T, A>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Rc<T> in the provided allocator, returning an error if the allocation fails

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]
use std::rc::Rc;
use std::alloc::System;

let five = Rc::try_new_in(5, System);

pub fn try_new_uninit_in(alloc: A) -> Result<Rc<MaybeUninit<T>, A>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Rc with uninitialized contents, in the provided allocator, returning an error if the allocation fails

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]
#![feature(get_mut_unchecked)]

use std::rc::Rc;
use std::alloc::System;

let mut five = Rc::<u32, _>::try_new_uninit_in(System)?;

let five = unsafe {
    // Deferred initialization:
    Rc::get_mut_unchecked(&mut five).as_mut_ptr().write(5);

    five.assume_init()
};

assert_eq!(*five, 5);

pub fn try_new_zeroed_in(alloc: A) -> Result<Rc<MaybeUninit<T>, A>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Rc with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes, in the provided allocator, returning an error if the allocation fails

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::rc::Rc;
use std::alloc::System;

let zero = Rc::<u32, _>::try_new_zeroed_in(System)?;
let zero = unsafe { zero.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*zero, 0);

pub fn pin_in(value: T, alloc: A) -> Pin<Rc<T, A>>

where A: 'static,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Pin<Rc<T>> in the provided allocator. If T does not implement Unpin, then value will be pinned in memory and unable to be moved.

pub fn try_unwrap(this: Rc<T, A>) -> Result<T, Rc<T, A>>

Returns the inner value, if the Rc has exactly one strong reference.

Otherwise, an Err is returned with the same Rc that was passed in.

This will succeed even if there are outstanding weak references.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let x = Rc::new(3);
assert_eq!(Rc::try_unwrap(x), Ok(3));

let x = Rc::new(4);
let _y = Rc::clone(&x);
assert_eq!(*Rc::try_unwrap(x).unwrap_err(), 4);

pub fn into_inner(this: Rc<T, A>) -> Option<T>

Returns the inner value, if the Rc has exactly one strong reference.

Otherwise, None is returned and the Rc is dropped.

This will succeed even if there are outstanding weak references.

If Rc::into_inner is called on every clone of this Rc, it is guaranteed that exactly one of the calls returns the inner value. This means in particular that the inner value is not dropped.

Rc::try_unwrap is conceptually similar to Rc::into_inner. And while they are meant for different use-cases, Rc::into_inner(this) is in fact equivalent to Rc::try_unwrap(this).ok(). (Note that the same kind of equivalence does not hold true for Arc, due to race conditions that do not apply to Rc!)

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let x = Rc::new(3);
assert_eq!(Rc::into_inner(x), Some(3));

let x = Rc::new(4);
let y = Rc::clone(&x);

assert_eq!(Rc::into_inner(y), None);
assert_eq!(Rc::into_inner(x), Some(4));

Trait Implementations

impl<A> Arbitrary for Rc<A>

where A: Arbitrary,

type Parameters = <A as Arbitrary>::Parameters

The type of parameters that arbitrary_with accepts for configuration of the generated Strategy. Parameters must implement Default.

type Strategy = MapInto<<A as Arbitrary>::Strategy, Rc<A>>

The type of Strategy used to generate values of type Self.

fn arbitrary_with( args: <Rc<A> as Arbitrary>::Parameters, ) -> <Rc<A> as Arbitrary>::Strategy

Generates a Strategy for producing arbitrary values of type the implementing type (Self). The strategy is passed the arguments given in args.

fn arbitrary() -> Self::Strategy

Generates a Strategy for producing arbitrary values of type the implementing type (Self).

impl<A> ArbitraryF1<A> for Rc<A>

where A: Debug + 'static,

type Parameters = ()

The type of parameters that lift1_with accepts for configuration of the lifted and generated Strategy. Parameters must implement Default.

fn lift1_with<S>( base: S, _args: <Rc<A> as ArbitraryF1<A>>::Parameters, ) -> BoxedStrategy<Rc<A>>

where S: Strategy<Value = A> + 'static,

Lifts a given Strategy to a new Strategy for the (presumably) bigger type. This is useful for lifting a Strategy for SomeType to a container such as Vec of SomeType. The composite strategy is passed the arguments given in args.

fn lift1<AS>(base: AS) -> BoxedStrategy<Self>

where AS: Strategy<Value = A> + 'static,

Lifts a given Strategy to a new Strategy for the (presumably) bigger type. This is useful for lifting a Strategy for SomeType to a container such as Vec<SomeType>.

impl<T> AsFd for Rc<T>

where T: AsFd + ?Sized,

fn as_fd(&self) -> BorrowedFd<'_>

Borrows the file descriptor.

impl<T> AsRawFd for Rc<T>

where T: AsRawFd,

fn as_raw_fd(&self) -> i32

Extracts the raw file descriptor.

impl<T, A> AsRef<T> for Rc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

fn as_ref(&self) -> &T

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl<B> Batch for Rc<B>

where B: Batch,

An immutable collection of updates.

type Merger = RcMerger<B>

A type used to progressively merge batches.

fn empty( lower: Antichain<<Rc<B> as BatchReader>::Time>, upper: Antichain<<Rc<B> as BatchReader>::Time>, ) -> Rc<B>

Produce an empty batch over the indicated interval.

fn begin_merge( &self, other: &Self, compaction_frontier: AntichainRef<'_, Self::Time>, ) -> Self::Merger

Initiates the merging of consecutive batches.

impl<B> BatchReader for Rc<B>

where B: BatchReader,

type Cursor = RcBatchCursor<<B as BatchReader>::Cursor>

The type used to enumerate the batch’s contents.

fn cursor(&self) -> <Rc<B> as BatchReader>::Cursor

Acquires a cursor to the batch’s contents.

fn len(&self) -> usize

The number of updates in the batch.

fn description(&self) -> &Description<<Rc<B> as BatchReader>::Time>

Describes the times of the updates in the batch.

type Key<'a> = <B as BatchReader>::Key<'a>

Key by which updates are indexed.

type Val<'a> = <B as BatchReader>::Val<'a>

Values associated with keys.

type Time = <B as BatchReader>::Time

Timestamps associated with updates

type TimeGat<'a> = <B as BatchReader>::TimeGat<'a>

Borrowed form of timestamp.

type Diff = <B as BatchReader>::Diff

Owned form of update difference.

type DiffGat<'a> = <B as BatchReader>::DiffGat<'a>

Borrowed form of update difference.

fn is_empty(&self) -> bool

True if the batch is empty.

fn lower(&self) -> &Antichain<Self::Time>

All times in the batch are greater or equal to an element of lower.

fn upper(&self) -> &Antichain<Self::Time>

All times in the batch are not greater or equal to any element of upper.

impl<T, A> Borrow<T> for Rc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value.

impl<T, A> Clone for Rc<T, A>

where A: Allocator + Clone, T: ?Sized,

fn clone(&self) -> Rc<T, A>

Makes a clone of the Rc pointer.

This creates another pointer to the same allocation, increasing the strong reference count.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);

let _ = Rc::clone(&five);

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl<T> Container for Rc<T>

where T: Container,

type ItemRef<'a> = <T as Container>::ItemRef<'a> where Rc<T>: 'a

The type of elements when reading non-destructively from the container.

type Item<'a> = <T as Container>::ItemRef<'a> where Rc<T>: 'a

The type of elements when draining the container.

type Iter<'a> = <T as Container>::Iter<'a> where Rc<T>: 'a

Iterator type when reading from the container.

type DrainIter<'a> = <T as Container>::Iter<'a> where Rc<T>: 'a

Iterator type when draining the container.

fn len(&self) -> usize

The number of elements in this container

fn is_empty(&self) -> bool

Determine if the container contains any elements, corresponding to len() == 0.

fn clear(&mut self)

Remove all contents from self while retaining allocated memory. After calling clear, is_empty must return true and len 0.

fn iter(&self) -> <Rc<T> as Container>::Iter<'_>

Returns an iterator that reads the contents of this container.

fn drain(&mut self) -> <Rc<T> as Container>::DrainIter<'_>

Returns an iterator that drains the contents of this container. Drain leaves the container in an undefined state.

fn push<T>(&mut self, item: T)

where Self: PushInto<T>,

Push item into self

impl<T, A> Debug for Rc<T, A>

where T: Debug + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T> Default for Rc<T>

where T: Default,

fn default() -> Rc<T>

Creates a new Rc<T>, with the Default value for T.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let x: Rc<i32> = Default::default();
assert_eq!(*x, 0);

impl<T, A> Deref for Rc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

type Target = T

The resulting type after dereferencing.

fn deref(&self) -> &T

Dereferences the value.

impl<'de, T> Deserialize<'de> for Rc<T>

where Box<T>: Deserialize<'de>, T: ?Sized,

This impl requires the "rc" Cargo feature of Serde.

Deserializing a data structure containing Rc will not attempt to deduplicate Rc references to the same data. Every deserialized Rc will end up with a strong count of 1.

fn deserialize<D>( deserializer: D, ) -> Result<Rc<T>, <D as Deserializer<'de>>::Error>

where D: Deserializer<'de>,

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl<T, A> Display for Rc<T, A>

where T: Display + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T, A> Drop for Rc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

fn drop(&mut self)

Drops the Rc.

This will decrement the strong reference count. If the strong reference count reaches zero then the only other references (if any) are Weak, so we drop the inner value.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

struct Foo;

impl Drop for Foo {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        println!("dropped!");
    }
}

let foo  = Rc::new(Foo);
let foo2 = Rc::clone(&foo);

drop(foo);    // Doesn't print anything
drop(foo2);   // Prints "dropped!"

impl<T, A> From<Box<T, A>> for Rc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

fn from(v: Box<T, A>) -> Rc<T, A>

Move a boxed object to a new, reference counted, allocation.

Example

let original: Box<i32> = Box::new(1);
let shared: Rc<i32> = Rc::from(original);
assert_eq!(1, *shared);

impl<'a, B> From<Cow<'a, B>> for Rc<B>

where B: ToOwned + ?Sized, Rc<B>: From<&'a B> + From<<B as ToOwned>::Owned>,

fn from(cow: Cow<'a, B>) -> Rc<B>

Creates a reference-counted pointer from a clone-on-write pointer by copying its content.

Example

let cow: Cow<'_, str> = Cow::Borrowed("eggplant");
let shared: Rc<str> = Rc::from(cow);
assert_eq!("eggplant", &shared[..]);

impl<T> From<T> for Rc<T>

fn from(t: T) -> Rc<T>

Converts a generic type T into an Rc<T>

The conversion allocates on the heap and moves t from the stack into it.

Example

let x = 5;
let rc = Rc::new(5);

assert_eq!(Rc::from(x), rc);

impl<T, A> Hash for Rc<T, A>

where T: Hash + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

fn hash<H>(&self, state: &mut H)

where H: Hasher,

Feeds this value into the given Hasher.

fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H)

where H: Hasher, Self: Sized,

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher.

impl<T> JsonSchema for Rc<T>

where T: JsonSchema + ?Sized,

fn is_referenceable() -> bool

Whether JSON Schemas generated for this type should be re-used where possible using the $ref keyword.

fn schema_name() -> String

The name of the generated JSON Schema.

fn schema_id() -> Cow<'static, str>

Returns a string that uniquely identifies the schema produced by this type.

fn json_schema(generator: &mut SchemaGenerator) -> Schema

Generates a JSON Schema for this type.

impl<Sp> LocalSpawn for Rc<Sp>

where Sp: LocalSpawn + ?Sized,

fn spawn_local_obj( &self, future: LocalFutureObj<'static, ()>, ) -> Result<(), SpawnError>

Spawns a future that will be run to completion.

fn status_local(&self) -> Result<(), SpawnError>

Determines whether the executor is able to spawn new tasks.

impl<T, A> Ord for Rc<T, A>

where T: Ord + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

fn cmp(&self, other: &Rc<T, A>) -> Ordering

Comparison for two Rcs.

The two are compared by calling cmp() on their inner values.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;
use std::cmp::Ordering;

let five = Rc::new(5);

assert_eq!(Ordering::Less, five.cmp(&Rc::new(6)));

fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self

where Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the maximum of two values.

fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self

where Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the minimum of two values.

fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Self

where Self: Sized,

Restrict a value to a certain interval.

impl<T, A> PartialEq for Rc<T, A>

where T: PartialEq + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

fn eq(&self, other: &Rc<T, A>) -> bool

Equality for two Rcs.

Two Rcs are equal if their inner values are equal, even if they are stored in different allocation.

If T also implements Eq (implying reflexivity of equality), two Rcs that point to the same allocation are always equal.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);

assert!(five == Rc::new(5));

fn ne(&self, other: &Rc<T, A>) -> bool

Inequality for two Rcs.

Two Rcs are not equal if their inner values are not equal.

If T also implements Eq (implying reflexivity of equality), two Rcs that point to the same allocation are always equal.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);

assert!(five != Rc::new(6));

impl<T, A> PartialOrd for Rc<T, A>

where T: PartialOrd + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Rc<T, A>) -> Option<Ordering>

Partial comparison for two Rcs.

The two are compared by calling partial_cmp() on their inner values.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;
use std::cmp::Ordering;

let five = Rc::new(5);

assert_eq!(Some(Ordering::Less), five.partial_cmp(&Rc::new(6)));

fn lt(&self, other: &Rc<T, A>) -> bool

Less-than comparison for two Rcs.

The two are compared by calling < on their inner values.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);

assert!(five < Rc::new(6));

fn le(&self, other: &Rc<T, A>) -> bool

‘Less than or equal to’ comparison for two Rcs.

The two are compared by calling <= on their inner values.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);

assert!(five <= Rc::new(5));

fn gt(&self, other: &Rc<T, A>) -> bool

Greater-than comparison for two Rcs.

The two are compared by calling > on their inner values.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);

assert!(five > Rc::new(4));

fn ge(&self, other: &Rc<T, A>) -> bool

‘Greater than or equal to’ comparison for two Rcs.

The two are compared by calling >= on their inner values.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);

assert!(five >= Rc::new(5));

impl<T, A> Pointer for Rc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T> Serialize for Rc<T>

where T: Serialize + ?Sized,

This impl requires the "rc" Cargo feature of Serde.

Serializing a data structure containing Rc will serialize a copy of the contents of the Rc each time the Rc is referenced within the data structure. Serialization will not attempt to deduplicate these repeated data.

fn serialize<S>( &self, serializer: S, ) -> Result<<S as Serializer>::Ok, <S as Serializer>::Error>

where S: Serializer,

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.

impl<Request, S> Service<Request> for Rc<S>

where S: Service<Request> + ?Sized,

type Response = <S as Service<Request>>::Response

Responses given by the service.

type Error = <S as Service<Request>>::Error

Errors produced by the service.

type Future = <S as Service<Request>>::Future

The future response value.

fn call(&self, req: Request) -> <Rc<S> as Service<Request>>::Future

Process the request and return the response asynchronously. call takes &self instead of mut &self because:

impl<Sp> Spawn for Rc<Sp>

where Sp: Spawn + ?Sized,

fn spawn_obj(&self, future: FutureObj<'static, ()>) -> Result<(), SpawnError>

Spawns a future that will be run to completion.

fn status(&self) -> Result<(), SpawnError>

Determines whether the executor is able to spawn new tasks.

impl<S> Strategy for Rc<S>

where S: Strategy + ?Sized,

type Tree = <S as Strategy>::Tree

The value tree generated by this Strategy.

type Value = <S as Strategy>::Value

The type of value used by functions under test generated by this Strategy.

fn new_tree( &self, runner: &mut TestRunner, ) -> Result<<Rc<S> as Strategy>::Tree, Reason>

Generate a new value tree from the given runner.

fn prop_map<O, F>(self, fun: F) -> Map<Self, F>

where O: Debug, F: Fn(Self::Value) -> O, Self: Sized,

Returns a strategy which produces values transformed by the function fun.

fn prop_map_into<O>(self) -> MapInto<Self, O>

where O: Debug, Self: Sized, Self::Value: Into<O>,

Returns a strategy which produces values of type O by transforming Self with Into<O>.

fn prop_perturb<O, F>(self, fun: F) -> Perturb<Self, F>

where O: Debug, F: Fn(Self::Value, TestRng) -> O, Self: Sized,

Returns a strategy which produces values transformed by the function fun, which is additionally given a random number generator.

fn prop_flat_map<S, F>(self, fun: F) -> Flatten<Map<Self, F>>

where S: Strategy, F: Fn(Self::Value) -> S, Self: Sized,

Maps values produced by this strategy into new strategies and picks values from those strategies.

fn prop_ind_flat_map<S, F>(self, fun: F) -> IndFlatten<Map<Self, F>>

where S: Strategy, F: Fn(Self::Value) -> S, Self: Sized,

Maps values produced by this strategy into new strategies and picks values from those strategies while considering the new strategies to be independent.

fn prop_ind_flat_map2<S, F>(self, fun: F) -> IndFlattenMap<Self, F>

where S: Strategy, F: Fn(Self::Value) -> S, Self: Sized,

Similar to prop_ind_flat_map(), but produces 2-tuples with the input generated from self in slot 0 and the derived strategy in slot 1.

fn prop_filter<R, F>(self, whence: R, fun: F) -> Filter<Self, F>

where R: Into<Reason>, F: Fn(&Self::Value) -> bool, Self: Sized,

Returns a strategy which only produces values accepted by fun.

fn prop_filter_map<F, O>( self, whence: impl Into<Reason>, fun: F, ) -> FilterMap<Self, F>

where F: Fn(Self::Value) -> Option<O>, O: Debug, Self: Sized,

Returns a strategy which only produces transformed values where fun returns Some(value) and rejects those where fun returns None.

fn prop_union(self, other: Self) -> Union<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Returns a strategy which picks uniformly from self and other.

fn prop_recursive<R, F>( self, depth: u32, desired_size: u32, expected_branch_size: u32, recurse: F, ) -> Recursive<Self::Value, F>

where R: Strategy<Value = Self::Value> + 'static, F: Fn(BoxedStrategy<Self::Value>) -> R, Self: Sized + 'static,

Generate a recursive structure with self items as leaves.

fn prop_shuffle(self) -> Shuffle<Self>

where Self: Sized, Self::Value: Shuffleable,

Shuffle the contents of the values produced by this strategy.

fn boxed(self) -> BoxedStrategy<Self::Value>

where Self: Sized + 'static,

Erases the type of this Strategy so it can be passed around as a simple trait object.

fn sboxed(self) -> SBoxedStrategy<Self::Value>

where Self: Sized + Send + Sync + 'static,

Erases the type of this Strategy so it can be passed around as a simple trait object.

fn no_shrink(self) -> NoShrink<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Wraps this strategy to prevent values from being subject to shrinking.

impl<T> ToTokens for Rc<T>

where T: ToTokens + ?Sized,

fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (proc_macro_totokens)

Write self to the given TokenStream.

fn to_token_stream(&self) -> TokenStream

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (proc_macro_totokens)

Convert self directly into a TokenStream object.

fn into_token_stream(self) -> TokenStream

where Self: Sized,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (proc_macro_totokens)

Convert self directly into a TokenStream object.

impl<T, U, A> CoerceUnsized<Rc<U, A>> for Rc<T, A>

where T: Unsize<U> + ?Sized, A: Allocator, U: ?Sized,

impl<T, A> DerefPure for Rc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

impl<T, U> DispatchFromDyn<Rc<U>> for Rc<T>

where T: Unsize<U> + ?Sized, U: ?Sized,

impl<T, A> Eq for Rc<T, A>

where T: Eq + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

impl<T, A> PinCoerceUnsized for Rc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

impl<T, A> RefUnwindSafe for Rc<T, A>

where T: RefUnwindSafe + ?Sized, A: Allocator + UnwindSafe,

impl<T, A> !Send for Rc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

impl<T, A> !Sync for Rc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

impl<T, A> Unpin for Rc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

impl<T, A> UnwindSafe for Rc<T, A>

where T: RefUnwindSafe + ?Sized, A: Allocator + UnwindSafe,

impl<T, A> UseCloned for Rc<T, A>

where A: Allocator + Clone, T: ?Sized,