// Copyright Materialize, Inc. and contributors. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License in the LICENSE file at the
// root of this repository, or online at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

//! String utilities.

use std::fmt::{self, Write};
use std::ops::Deref;

/// Extension methods for [`str`].
pub trait StrExt {
    /// Wraps the string slice in a type whose display implementation renders
    /// the string surrounded by double quotes with any inner double quote
    /// characters escaped.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// In the standard case, when the wrapped string does not contain any
    /// double quote characters:
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use mz_ore::str::StrExt;
    ///
    /// let name = "bob";
    /// let message = format!("unknown user {}", name.quoted());
    /// assert_eq!(message, r#"unknown user "bob""#);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// In a pathological case:
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use mz_ore::str::StrExt;
    ///
    /// let name = r#"b@d"inp!t""#;
    /// let message = format!("unknown user {}", name.quoted());
    /// assert_eq!(message, r#"unknown user "b@d\"inp!t\"""#);
    /// ```
    fn quoted(&self) -> QuotedStr;
    /// Same as [`StrExt::quoted`], but also escapes new lines and tabs.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use mz_ore::str::StrExt;
    ///
    /// let name = "b@d\"\tinp!t\"\r\n";
    /// let message = format!("unknown user {}", name.escaped());
    /// assert_eq!(message, r#"unknown user "b@d\"\tinp!t\"\r\n""#);
    /// ```
    fn escaped(&self) -> EscapedStr;
}

impl StrExt for str {
    fn quoted(&self) -> QuotedStr {
        QuotedStr(self)
    }
    fn escaped(&self) -> EscapedStr {
        EscapedStr(self)
    }
}

/// Displays a string slice surrounded by double quotes with any inner double
/// quote characters escaped.
///
/// Constructed by [`StrExt::quoted`].
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct QuotedStr<'a>(&'a str);

impl<'a> fmt::Display for QuotedStr<'a> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_char('"')?;
        for c in self.chars() {
            match c {
                '"' => f.write_str("\\\"")?,
                _ => f.write_char(c)?,
            }
        }
        f.write_char('"')
    }
}

impl<'a> Deref for QuotedStr<'a> {
    type Target = str;

    fn deref(&self) -> &str {
        self.0
    }
}

/// Same as [`QuotedStr`], but also escapes new lines and tabs.
///
/// Constructed by [`StrExt::escaped`].
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct EscapedStr<'a>(&'a str);

impl<'a> fmt::Display for EscapedStr<'a> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_char('"')?;
        for c in self.chars() {
            // We don't use `char::escape_default()` here to prevent escaping Unicode chars.
            match c {
                '"' => f.write_str("\\\"")?,
                '\n' => f.write_str("\\n")?,
                '\r' => f.write_str("\\r")?,
                '\t' => f.write_str("\\t")?,
                _ => f.write_char(c)?,
            }
        }
        f.write_char('"')
    }
}

impl<'a> Deref for EscapedStr<'a> {
    type Target = str;

    fn deref(&self) -> &str {
        self.0
    }
}

/// Creates a type whose [`fmt::Display`] implementation outputs item preceded
/// by `open` and followed by `close`.
pub fn bracketed<'a, D>(open: &'a str, close: &'a str, contents: D) -> impl fmt::Display + 'a
where
    D: fmt::Display + 'a,
{
    struct Bracketed<'a, D> {
        open: &'a str,
        close: &'a str,
        contents: D,
    }

    impl<'a, D> fmt::Display for Bracketed<'a, D>
    where
        D: fmt::Display,
    {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
            write!(f, "{}{}{}", self.open, self.contents, self.close)
        }
    }

    Bracketed {
        open,
        close,
        contents,
    }
}

/// Given a closure, it creates a Display that simply calls the given closure when fmt'd.
pub fn closure_to_display<F>(fun: F) -> impl fmt::Display
where
    F: Fn(&mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result,
{
    struct Mapped<F> {
        fun: F,
    }

    impl<F> fmt::Display for Mapped<F>
    where
        F: Fn(&mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result,
    {
        fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
            (self.fun)(formatter)
        }
    }

    Mapped { fun }
}

/// Creates a type whose [`fmt::Display`] implementation outputs each item in
/// `iter` separated by `separator`.
pub fn separated<'a, I>(separator: &'a str, iter: I) -> impl fmt::Display + 'a
where
    I: IntoIterator,
    I::IntoIter: Clone + 'a,
    I::Item: fmt::Display + 'a,
{
    struct Separated<'a, I> {
        separator: &'a str,
        iter: I,
    }

    impl<'a, I> fmt::Display for Separated<'a, I>
    where
        I: Iterator + Clone,
        I::Item: fmt::Display,
    {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
            for (i, item) in self.iter.clone().enumerate() {
                if i != 0 {
                    write!(f, "{}", self.separator)?;
                }
                write!(f, "{}", item)?;
            }
            Ok(())
        }
    }

    Separated {
        separator,
        iter: iter.into_iter(),
    }
}

/// A helper struct to keep track of indentation levels.
///
/// This will be most often used as part of the rendering context
/// type for various `Display$Format` implementation.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct Indent {
    unit: String,
    buff: String,
    mark: Vec<usize>,
}

impl AsMut<Indent> for Indent {
    fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Indent {
        self
    }
}

impl Indent {
    /// Construct a new `Indent` where one level is represented
    /// by the given `unit` repeated `step` times.
    pub fn new(unit: char, step: usize) -> Indent {
        Indent {
            unit: std::iter::repeat(unit).take(step).collect::<String>(),
            buff: String::with_capacity(unit.len_utf8()),
            mark: vec![],
        }
    }

    fn inc(&mut self, rhs: usize) {
        for _ in 0..rhs {
            self.buff += &self.unit;
        }
    }

    fn dec(&mut self, rhs: usize) {
        let tail = rhs.saturating_mul(self.unit.len());
        let head = self.buff.len().saturating_sub(tail);
        self.buff.truncate(head);
    }

    /// Remember the current state.
    pub fn set(&mut self) {
        self.mark.push(self.buff.len());
    }

    /// Reset `buff` to the last marked state.
    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
        if let Some(len) = self.mark.pop() {
            while self.buff.len() < len {
                self.buff += &self.unit;
            }
            self.buff.truncate(len);
        }
    }
}

/// Convenience methods for pretty-printing based on indentation
/// that are automatically available for context objects that can
/// be mutably referenced as an [`Indent`] instance.
pub trait IndentLike {
    /// Print a block of code defined in `f` one step deeper
    /// from the current [`Indent`].
    fn indented<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> fmt::Result
    where
        F: FnMut(&mut Self) -> fmt::Result;

    /// Same as [`IndentLike::indented`], but the `f` only going to be printed
    /// in an indented context if `guard` is `true`.
    fn indented_if<F>(&mut self, guard: bool, f: F) -> fmt::Result
    where
        F: FnMut(&mut Self) -> fmt::Result;
}

impl<T: AsMut<Indent>> IndentLike for T {
    fn indented<F>(&mut self, mut f: F) -> fmt::Result
    where
        F: FnMut(&mut Self) -> fmt::Result,
    {
        *self.as_mut() += 1;
        let result = f(self);
        *self.as_mut() -= 1;
        result
    }

    fn indented_if<F>(&mut self, guard: bool, mut f: F) -> fmt::Result
    where
        F: FnMut(&mut Self) -> fmt::Result,
    {
        if guard {
            *self.as_mut() += 1;
        }
        let result = f(self);

        if guard {
            *self.as_mut() -= 1;
        }
        result
    }
}

impl Default for Indent {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Indent::new(' ', 2)
    }
}

impl std::ops::AddAssign<usize> for Indent {
    fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: usize) {
        self.inc(rhs)
    }
}

impl std::ops::SubAssign<usize> for Indent {
    fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: usize) {
        self.dec(rhs)
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for Indent {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_str(&self.buff)
    }
}

/// Newtype wrapper around [`String`] whose _byte_ length is guaranteed to be less than or equal to
/// the provided `MAX`.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct MaxLenString<const MAX: usize>(String);

impl<const MAX: usize> MaxLenString<MAX> {
    /// Creates a new [`MaxLenString`] returning an error if `s` is more than `MAX` bytes long.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use mz_ore::str::MaxLenString;
    ///
    /// type ShortString = MaxLenString<30>;
    ///
    /// let good = ShortString::new("hello".to_string()).unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(good.as_str(), "hello");
    ///
    /// // Note: this is only 8 characters, but each character requires 4 bytes.
    /// let too_long = "😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊";
    /// let smol = ShortString::new(too_long.to_string());
    /// assert!(smol.is_err());
    /// ```
    ///
    pub fn new(s: String) -> Result<Self, String> {
        if s.len() > MAX {
            return Err(s);
        }

        Ok(MaxLenString(s))
    }

    /// Consume self, returning the inner [`String`].
    pub fn into_inner(self) -> String {
        self.0
    }

    /// Returns a reference to the underlying string.
    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
        self
    }
}

impl<const MAX: usize> Deref for MaxLenString<MAX> {
    type Target = str;

    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
        &self.0
    }
}

impl<const MAX: usize> fmt::Display for MaxLenString<MAX> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_str(&self.0)
    }
}

impl<const MAX: usize> TryFrom<String> for MaxLenString<MAX> {
    type Error = String;

    fn try_from(s: String) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        Self::new(s)
    }
}

impl<'a, const MAX: usize> TryFrom<&'a String> for MaxLenString<MAX> {
    type Error = String;

    fn try_from(s: &'a String) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        Self::try_from(s.clone())
    }
}

impl<'a, const MAX: usize> TryFrom<&'a str> for MaxLenString<MAX> {
    type Error = String;

    fn try_from(s: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        Self::try_from(String::from(s))
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[crate::test]
    fn test_indent() {
        let mut indent = Indent::new('~', 3);
        indent += 1;
        assert_eq!(indent.to_string(), "~~~".to_string());
        indent += 3;
        assert_eq!(indent.to_string(), "~~~~~~~~~~~~".to_string());
        indent -= 2;
        assert_eq!(indent.to_string(), "~~~~~~".to_string());
        indent -= 4;
        assert_eq!(indent.to_string(), "".to_string());
        indent += 1;
        assert_eq!(indent.to_string(), "~~~".to_string());
    }
}