// Copyright Materialize, Inc. and contributors. All rights reserved.
//
// Use of this software is governed by the Business Source License
// included in the LICENSE file.
//
// As of the Change Date specified in that file, in accordance with
// the Business Source License, use of this software will be governed
// by the Apache License, Version 2.0.

//! Hoist projections through operators.
//!
//! Projections can be re-introduced in the physical planning stage.

use std::collections::BTreeMap;
use std::mem;

use crate::TransformArgs;
use mz_expr::{Id, MirRelationExpr, RECURSION_LIMIT};
use mz_ore::stack::{CheckedRecursion, RecursionGuard};

/// Hoist projections through operators.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct ProjectionLifting {
    recursion_guard: RecursionGuard,
}

impl Default for ProjectionLifting {
    fn default() -> ProjectionLifting {
        ProjectionLifting {
            recursion_guard: RecursionGuard::with_limit(RECURSION_LIMIT),
        }
    }
}

impl CheckedRecursion for ProjectionLifting {
    fn recursion_guard(&self) -> &RecursionGuard {
        &self.recursion_guard
    }
}

impl crate::Transform for ProjectionLifting {
    #[tracing::instrument(
        target = "optimizer"
        level = "trace",
        skip_all,
        fields(path.segment = "projection_lifting")
    )]
    fn transform(
        &self,
        relation: &mut MirRelationExpr,
        _: TransformArgs,
    ) -> Result<(), crate::TransformError> {
        let result = self.action(relation, &mut BTreeMap::new());
        mz_repr::explain::trace_plan(&*relation);
        result
    }
}

impl ProjectionLifting {
    /// Hoist projections through operators.
    pub fn action(
        &self,
        relation: &mut MirRelationExpr,
        // Map from names to new get type and projection required at use.
        gets: &mut BTreeMap<Id, (mz_repr::RelationType, Vec<usize>)>,
    ) -> Result<(), crate::TransformError> {
        self.checked_recur(|_| {
            match relation {
                MirRelationExpr::Constant { .. } => Ok(()),
                MirRelationExpr::Get { id, .. } => {
                    if let Some((typ, columns)) = gets.get(id) {
                        *relation = MirRelationExpr::Get {
                            id: *id,
                            typ: typ.clone(),
                        }
                        .project(columns.clone());
                    }
                    Ok(())
                }
                MirRelationExpr::Let { id, value, body } => {
                    self.action(value, gets)?;
                    let id = Id::Local(*id);
                    if let MirRelationExpr::Project { input, outputs } = &mut **value {
                        let typ = input.typ();
                        let prior = gets.insert(id, (typ, outputs.clone()));
                        assert!(!prior.is_some());
                        **value = input.take_dangerous();
                    }

                    self.action(body, gets)?;
                    gets.remove(&id);
                    Ok(())
                }
                MirRelationExpr::LetRec { .. } => Err(crate::TransformError::LetRecUnsupported)?,
                MirRelationExpr::Project { input, outputs } => {
                    self.action(input, gets)?;
                    if let MirRelationExpr::Project {
                        input: inner,
                        outputs: inner_outputs,
                    } = &mut **input
                    {
                        for output in outputs.iter_mut() {
                            *output = inner_outputs[*output];
                        }
                        **input = inner.take_dangerous();
                    }
                    Ok(())
                }
                MirRelationExpr::Map { input, scalars } => {
                    self.action(input, gets)?;
                    if let MirRelationExpr::Project {
                        input: inner,
                        outputs,
                    } = &mut **input
                    {
                        // Retain projected columns and scalar columns.
                        let mut new_outputs = outputs.clone();
                        let inner_arity = inner.arity();
                        new_outputs.extend(inner_arity..(inner_arity + scalars.len()));

                        // Rewrite scalar expressions using inner columns.
                        for scalar in scalars.iter_mut() {
                            scalar.permute(&new_outputs);
                        }

                        *relation = inner
                            .take_dangerous()
                            .map(scalars.clone())
                            .project(new_outputs);
                    }
                    Ok(())
                }
                MirRelationExpr::FlatMap { input, func, exprs } => {
                    self.action(input, gets)?;
                    if let MirRelationExpr::Project {
                        input: inner,
                        outputs,
                    } = &mut **input
                    {
                        // Retain projected columns and scalar columns.
                        let mut new_outputs = outputs.clone();
                        let inner_arity = inner.arity();
                        new_outputs.extend(inner_arity..(inner_arity + func.output_arity()));

                        // Rewrite scalar expression using inner columns.
                        for expr in exprs.iter_mut() {
                            expr.permute(&new_outputs);
                        }

                        *relation = inner
                            .take_dangerous()
                            .flat_map(func.clone(), exprs.clone())
                            .project(new_outputs);
                    }
                    Ok(())
                }
                MirRelationExpr::Filter { input, predicates } => {
                    self.action(input, gets)?;
                    if let MirRelationExpr::Project {
                        input: inner,
                        outputs,
                    } = &mut **input
                    {
                        // Rewrite scalar expressions using inner columns.
                        for predicate in predicates.iter_mut() {
                            predicate.permute(outputs);
                        }
                        *relation = inner
                            .take_dangerous()
                            .filter(predicates.clone())
                            .project(outputs.clone());
                    }
                    Ok(())
                }
                MirRelationExpr::Join {
                    inputs,
                    equivalences,
                    implementation,
                } => {
                    for input in inputs.iter_mut() {
                        self.action(input, gets)?;
                    }

                    // Track the location of the projected columns in the un-projected join.
                    let mut projection = Vec::new();
                    let mut temp_arity = 0;

                    for join_input in inputs.iter_mut() {
                        if let MirRelationExpr::Project { input, outputs } = join_input {
                            for output in outputs.iter() {
                                projection.push(temp_arity + *output);
                            }
                            temp_arity += input.arity();
                            *join_input = input.take_dangerous();
                        } else {
                            let arity = join_input.arity();
                            projection.extend(temp_arity..(temp_arity + arity));
                            temp_arity += arity;
                        }
                    }

                    if projection.len() != temp_arity || (0..temp_arity).any(|i| projection[i] != i)
                    {
                        // Update equivalences and implementation.
                        for equivalence in equivalences.iter_mut() {
                            for expr in equivalence {
                                expr.permute(&projection[..]);
                            }
                        }

                        *implementation = mz_expr::JoinImplementation::Unimplemented;

                        *relation = relation.take_dangerous().project(projection);
                    }
                    Ok(())
                }
                MirRelationExpr::Reduce {
                    input,
                    group_key,
                    aggregates,
                    monotonic: _,
                    expected_group_size: _,
                } => {
                    // Reduce *absorbs* projections, which is amazing!
                    self.action(input, gets)?;
                    if let MirRelationExpr::Project {
                        input: inner,
                        outputs,
                    } = &mut **input
                    {
                        for key in group_key.iter_mut() {
                            key.permute(outputs);
                        }
                        for aggregate in aggregates.iter_mut() {
                            aggregate.expr.permute(outputs);
                        }
                        **input = inner.take_dangerous();
                    }
                    Ok(())
                }
                MirRelationExpr::TopK {
                    input,
                    group_key,
                    order_key,
                    limit,
                    offset,
                    monotonic: _,
                } => {
                    self.action(input, gets)?;
                    if let MirRelationExpr::Project {
                        input: inner,
                        outputs,
                    } = &mut **input
                    {
                        for key in group_key.iter_mut() {
                            *key = outputs[*key];
                        }
                        for key in order_key.iter_mut() {
                            key.column = outputs[key.column];
                        }
                        *relation = inner
                            .take_dangerous()
                            .top_k(
                                group_key.clone(),
                                order_key.clone(),
                                limit.clone(),
                                offset.clone(),
                            )
                            .project(outputs.clone());
                    }
                    Ok(())
                }
                MirRelationExpr::Negate { input } => {
                    self.action(input, gets)?;
                    if let MirRelationExpr::Project {
                        input: inner,
                        outputs,
                    } = &mut **input
                    {
                        *relation = inner.take_dangerous().negate().project(outputs.clone());
                    }
                    Ok(())
                }
                MirRelationExpr::Threshold { input } => {
                    // We cannot, in general, lift projections out of threshold.
                    // If we could reason that the input cannot be negative, we
                    // would be able to lift the projection, but otherwise our
                    // action on weights need to accumulate the restricted rows.
                    self.action(input, gets)
                }
                MirRelationExpr::Union { base, inputs } => {
                    // We cannot, in general, lift projections out of unions.
                    self.action(base, gets)?;
                    for input in &mut *inputs {
                        self.action(input, gets)?;
                    }

                    if let MirRelationExpr::Project {
                        input: base_input,
                        outputs: base_outputs,
                    } = &mut **base
                    {
                        let base_typ = base_input.typ();

                        let mut can_lift = true;
                        for input in &mut *inputs {
                            match input {
                                MirRelationExpr::Project { input, outputs }
                                    if input.typ() == base_typ && outputs == base_outputs => {}
                                _ => {
                                    can_lift = false;
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        if can_lift {
                            let base_outputs = mem::take(base_outputs);
                            **base = base_input.take_dangerous();
                            for inp in inputs {
                                match inp {
                                    MirRelationExpr::Project { input, .. } => {
                                        *inp = input.take_dangerous();
                                    }
                                    _ => unreachable!(),
                                }
                            }
                            *relation = relation.take_dangerous().project(base_outputs);
                        }
                    }
                    Ok(())
                }
                MirRelationExpr::ArrangeBy { input, keys } => {
                    self.action(input, gets)?;
                    if let MirRelationExpr::Project {
                        input: inner,
                        outputs,
                    } = &mut **input
                    {
                        for key_set in keys.iter_mut() {
                            for key in key_set.iter_mut() {
                                key.permute(outputs);
                            }
                        }
                        *relation = inner
                            .take_dangerous()
                            .arrange_by(keys)
                            .project(outputs.clone());
                    }
                    Ok(())
                }
            }
        })
    }
}