// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
// under the License.

use crate::builder::{ArrayBuilder, BufferBuilder, UInt8BufferBuilder};
use crate::types::{ByteArrayType, GenericBinaryType, GenericStringType};
use crate::{ArrayRef, GenericByteArray, OffsetSizeTrait};
use arrow_buffer::NullBufferBuilder;
use arrow_buffer::{ArrowNativeType, Buffer, MutableBuffer};
use arrow_data::ArrayDataBuilder;
use std::any::Any;
use std::sync::Arc;

/// Builder for [`GenericByteArray`]
///
/// For building strings, see docs on [`GenericStringBuilder`].
/// For building binary, see docs on [`GenericBinaryBuilder`].
pub struct GenericByteBuilder<T: ByteArrayType> {
    value_builder: UInt8BufferBuilder,
    offsets_builder: BufferBuilder<T::Offset>,
    null_buffer_builder: NullBufferBuilder,
}

impl<T: ByteArrayType> GenericByteBuilder<T> {
    /// Creates a new [`GenericByteBuilder`].
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self::with_capacity(1024, 1024)
    }

    /// Creates a new [`GenericByteBuilder`].
    ///
    /// - `item_capacity` is the number of items to pre-allocate.
    ///   The size of the preallocated buffer of offsets is the number of items plus one.
    /// - `data_capacity` is the total number of bytes of data to pre-allocate
    ///   (for all items, not per item).
    pub fn with_capacity(item_capacity: usize, data_capacity: usize) -> Self {
        let mut offsets_builder = BufferBuilder::<T::Offset>::new(item_capacity + 1);
        offsets_builder.append(T::Offset::from_usize(0).unwrap());
        Self {
            value_builder: UInt8BufferBuilder::new(data_capacity),
            offsets_builder,
            null_buffer_builder: NullBufferBuilder::new(item_capacity),
        }
    }

    /// Creates a new  [`GenericByteBuilder`] from buffers.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// This doesn't verify buffer contents as it assumes the buffers are from
    /// existing and valid [`GenericByteArray`].
    pub unsafe fn new_from_buffer(
        offsets_buffer: MutableBuffer,
        value_buffer: MutableBuffer,
        null_buffer: Option<MutableBuffer>,
    ) -> Self {
        let offsets_builder = BufferBuilder::<T::Offset>::new_from_buffer(offsets_buffer);
        let value_builder = BufferBuilder::<u8>::new_from_buffer(value_buffer);

        let null_buffer_builder = null_buffer
            .map(|buffer| NullBufferBuilder::new_from_buffer(buffer, offsets_builder.len() - 1))
            .unwrap_or_else(|| NullBufferBuilder::new_with_len(offsets_builder.len() - 1));

        Self {
            offsets_builder,
            value_builder,
            null_buffer_builder,
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn next_offset(&self) -> T::Offset {
        T::Offset::from_usize(self.value_builder.len()).expect("byte array offset overflow")
    }

    /// Appends a value into the builder.
    ///
    /// See the [GenericStringBuilder] documentation for examples of
    /// incrementally building string values with multiple `write!` calls.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the resulting length of [`Self::values_slice`] would exceed
    /// `T::Offset::MAX` bytes.
    ///
    /// For example, this can happen with [`StringArray`] or [`BinaryArray`]
    /// where the total length of all values exceeds 2GB
    ///
    /// [`StringArray`]: crate::StringArray
    /// [`BinaryArray`]: crate::BinaryArray
    #[inline]
    pub fn append_value(&mut self, value: impl AsRef<T::Native>) {
        self.value_builder.append_slice(value.as_ref().as_ref());
        self.null_buffer_builder.append(true);
        self.offsets_builder.append(self.next_offset());
    }

    /// Append an `Option` value into the builder.
    ///
    /// - A `None` value will append a null value.
    /// - A `Some` value will append the value.
    ///
    /// See [`Self::append_value`] for more panic information.
    #[inline]
    pub fn append_option(&mut self, value: Option<impl AsRef<T::Native>>) {
        match value {
            None => self.append_null(),
            Some(v) => self.append_value(v),
        };
    }

    /// Append a null value into the builder.
    #[inline]
    pub fn append_null(&mut self) {
        self.null_buffer_builder.append(false);
        self.offsets_builder.append(self.next_offset());
    }

    /// Builds the [`GenericByteArray`] and reset this builder.
    pub fn finish(&mut self) -> GenericByteArray<T> {
        let array_type = T::DATA_TYPE;
        let array_builder = ArrayDataBuilder::new(array_type)
            .len(self.len())
            .add_buffer(self.offsets_builder.finish())
            .add_buffer(self.value_builder.finish())
            .nulls(self.null_buffer_builder.finish());

        self.offsets_builder.append(self.next_offset());
        let array_data = unsafe { array_builder.build_unchecked() };
        GenericByteArray::from(array_data)
    }

    /// Builds the [`GenericByteArray`] without resetting the builder.
    pub fn finish_cloned(&self) -> GenericByteArray<T> {
        let array_type = T::DATA_TYPE;
        let offset_buffer = Buffer::from_slice_ref(self.offsets_builder.as_slice());
        let value_buffer = Buffer::from_slice_ref(self.value_builder.as_slice());
        let array_builder = ArrayDataBuilder::new(array_type)
            .len(self.len())
            .add_buffer(offset_buffer)
            .add_buffer(value_buffer)
            .nulls(self.null_buffer_builder.finish_cloned());

        let array_data = unsafe { array_builder.build_unchecked() };
        GenericByteArray::from(array_data)
    }

    /// Returns the current values buffer as a slice
    pub fn values_slice(&self) -> &[u8] {
        self.value_builder.as_slice()
    }

    /// Returns the current offsets buffer as a slice
    pub fn offsets_slice(&self) -> &[T::Offset] {
        self.offsets_builder.as_slice()
    }

    /// Returns the current null buffer as a slice
    pub fn validity_slice(&self) -> Option<&[u8]> {
        self.null_buffer_builder.as_slice()
    }

    /// Returns the current null buffer as a mutable slice
    pub fn validity_slice_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut [u8]> {
        self.null_buffer_builder.as_slice_mut()
    }
}

impl<T: ByteArrayType> std::fmt::Debug for GenericByteBuilder<T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}{}Builder", T::Offset::PREFIX, T::PREFIX)?;
        f.debug_struct("")
            .field("value_builder", &self.value_builder)
            .field("offsets_builder", &self.offsets_builder)
            .field("null_buffer_builder", &self.null_buffer_builder)
            .finish()
    }
}

impl<T: ByteArrayType> Default for GenericByteBuilder<T> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new()
    }
}

impl<T: ByteArrayType> ArrayBuilder for GenericByteBuilder<T> {
    /// Returns the number of binary slots in the builder
    fn len(&self) -> usize {
        self.null_buffer_builder.len()
    }

    /// Builds the array and reset this builder.
    fn finish(&mut self) -> ArrayRef {
        Arc::new(self.finish())
    }

    /// Builds the array without resetting the builder.
    fn finish_cloned(&self) -> ArrayRef {
        Arc::new(self.finish_cloned())
    }

    /// Returns the builder as a non-mutable `Any` reference.
    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
        self
    }

    /// Returns the builder as a mutable `Any` reference.
    fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn Any {
        self
    }

    /// Returns the boxed builder as a box of `Any`.
    fn into_box_any(self: Box<Self>) -> Box<dyn Any> {
        self
    }
}

impl<T: ByteArrayType, V: AsRef<T::Native>> Extend<Option<V>> for GenericByteBuilder<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn extend<I: IntoIterator<Item = Option<V>>>(&mut self, iter: I) {
        for v in iter {
            self.append_option(v)
        }
    }
}

/// Array builder for [`GenericStringArray`][crate::GenericStringArray]
///
/// Values can be appended using [`GenericByteBuilder::append_value`], and nulls with
/// [`GenericByteBuilder::append_null`].
///
/// This builder also implements [`std::fmt::Write`] with any written data
/// included in the next appended value. This allows using [`std::fmt::Display`]
/// with standard Rust idioms like `write!` and `writeln!` to write data
/// directly to the builder without intermediate allocations.
///
/// # Example writing strings with `append_value`
/// ```
/// # use arrow_array::builder::GenericStringBuilder;
/// let mut builder = GenericStringBuilder::<i32>::new();
///
/// // Write one string value
/// builder.append_value("foobarbaz");
///
/// // Write a second string
/// builder.append_value("v2");
///
/// let array = builder.finish();
/// assert_eq!(array.value(0), "foobarbaz");
/// assert_eq!(array.value(1), "v2");
/// ```
///
/// # Example incrementally writing strings with `std::fmt::Write`
///
/// ```
/// # use std::fmt::Write;
/// # use arrow_array::builder::GenericStringBuilder;
/// let mut builder = GenericStringBuilder::<i32>::new();
///
/// // Write data in multiple `write!` calls
/// write!(builder, "foo").unwrap();
/// write!(builder, "bar").unwrap();
/// // The next call to append_value finishes the current string
/// // including all previously written strings.
/// builder.append_value("baz");
///
/// // Write second value with a single write call
/// write!(builder, "v2").unwrap();
/// // finish the value by calling append_value with an empty string
/// builder.append_value("");
///
/// let array = builder.finish();
/// assert_eq!(array.value(0), "foobarbaz");
/// assert_eq!(array.value(1), "v2");
/// ```
pub type GenericStringBuilder<O> = GenericByteBuilder<GenericStringType<O>>;

impl<O: OffsetSizeTrait> std::fmt::Write for GenericStringBuilder<O> {
    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> std::fmt::Result {
        self.value_builder.append_slice(s.as_bytes());
        Ok(())
    }
}

///  Array builder for [`GenericBinaryArray`][crate::GenericBinaryArray]
///
/// Values can be appended using [`GenericByteBuilder::append_value`], and nulls with
/// [`GenericByteBuilder::append_null`].
///
/// # Example
/// ```
/// # use arrow_array::builder::GenericBinaryBuilder;
/// let mut builder = GenericBinaryBuilder::<i32>::new();
///
/// // Write data
/// builder.append_value("foo");
///
/// // Write second value
/// builder.append_value(&[0,1,2]);
///
/// let array = builder.finish();
/// // binary values
/// assert_eq!(array.value(0), b"foo");
/// assert_eq!(array.value(1), b"\x00\x01\x02");
/// ```
///
/// # Example incrementally writing bytes with `write_bytes`
///
/// ```
/// # use std::io::Write;
/// # use arrow_array::builder::GenericBinaryBuilder;
/// let mut builder = GenericBinaryBuilder::<i32>::new();
///
/// // Write data in multiple `write_bytes` calls
/// write!(builder, "foo").unwrap();
/// write!(builder, "bar").unwrap();
/// // The next call to append_value finishes the current string
/// // including all previously written strings.
/// builder.append_value("baz");
///
/// // Write second value with a single write call
/// write!(builder, "v2").unwrap();
/// // finish the value by calling append_value with an empty string
/// builder.append_value("");
///
/// let array = builder.finish();
/// assert_eq!(array.value(0), "foobarbaz".as_bytes());
/// assert_eq!(array.value(1), "v2".as_bytes());
/// ```
pub type GenericBinaryBuilder<O> = GenericByteBuilder<GenericBinaryType<O>>;

impl<O: OffsetSizeTrait> std::io::Write for GenericBinaryBuilder<O> {
    fn write(&mut self, bs: &[u8]) -> std::io::Result<usize> {
        self.value_builder.append_slice(bs);
        Ok(bs.len())
    }

    fn flush(&mut self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::array::Array;
    use crate::GenericStringArray;
    use std::fmt::Write as _;
    use std::io::Write as _;

    fn _test_generic_binary_builder<O: OffsetSizeTrait>() {
        let mut builder = GenericBinaryBuilder::<O>::new();

        builder.append_value(b"hello");
        builder.append_value(b"");
        builder.append_null();
        builder.append_value(b"rust");

        let array = builder.finish();

        assert_eq!(4, array.len());
        assert_eq!(1, array.null_count());
        assert_eq!(b"hello", array.value(0));
        assert_eq!([] as [u8; 0], array.value(1));
        assert!(array.is_null(2));
        assert_eq!(b"rust", array.value(3));
        assert_eq!(O::from_usize(5).unwrap(), array.value_offsets()[2]);
        assert_eq!(O::from_usize(4).unwrap(), array.value_length(3));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_binary_builder() {
        _test_generic_binary_builder::<i32>()
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_large_binary_builder() {
        _test_generic_binary_builder::<i64>()
    }

    fn _test_generic_binary_builder_all_nulls<O: OffsetSizeTrait>() {
        let mut builder = GenericBinaryBuilder::<O>::new();
        builder.append_null();
        builder.append_null();
        builder.append_null();
        assert_eq!(3, builder.len());
        assert!(!builder.is_empty());

        let array = builder.finish();
        assert_eq!(3, array.null_count());
        assert_eq!(3, array.len());
        assert!(array.is_null(0));
        assert!(array.is_null(1));
        assert!(array.is_null(2));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_binary_builder_all_nulls() {
        _test_generic_binary_builder_all_nulls::<i32>()
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_large_binary_builder_all_nulls() {
        _test_generic_binary_builder_all_nulls::<i64>()
    }

    fn _test_generic_binary_builder_reset<O: OffsetSizeTrait>() {
        let mut builder = GenericBinaryBuilder::<O>::new();

        builder.append_value(b"hello");
        builder.append_value(b"");
        builder.append_null();
        builder.append_value(b"rust");
        builder.finish();

        assert!(builder.is_empty());

        builder.append_value(b"parquet");
        builder.append_null();
        builder.append_value(b"arrow");
        builder.append_value(b"");
        let array = builder.finish();

        assert_eq!(4, array.len());
        assert_eq!(1, array.null_count());
        assert_eq!(b"parquet", array.value(0));
        assert!(array.is_null(1));
        assert_eq!(b"arrow", array.value(2));
        assert_eq!(b"", array.value(1));
        assert_eq!(O::zero(), array.value_offsets()[0]);
        assert_eq!(O::from_usize(7).unwrap(), array.value_offsets()[2]);
        assert_eq!(O::from_usize(5).unwrap(), array.value_length(2));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_binary_builder_reset() {
        _test_generic_binary_builder_reset::<i32>()
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_large_binary_builder_reset() {
        _test_generic_binary_builder_reset::<i64>()
    }

    fn _test_generic_string_array_builder<O: OffsetSizeTrait>() {
        let mut builder = GenericStringBuilder::<O>::new();
        let owned = "arrow".to_owned();

        builder.append_value("hello");
        builder.append_value("");
        builder.append_value(&owned);
        builder.append_null();
        builder.append_option(Some("rust"));
        builder.append_option(None::<&str>);
        builder.append_option(None::<String>);
        assert_eq!(7, builder.len());

        assert_eq!(
            GenericStringArray::<O>::from(vec![
                Some("hello"),
                Some(""),
                Some("arrow"),
                None,
                Some("rust"),
                None,
                None
            ]),
            builder.finish()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_string_array_builder() {
        _test_generic_string_array_builder::<i32>()
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_large_string_array_builder() {
        _test_generic_string_array_builder::<i64>()
    }

    fn _test_generic_string_array_builder_finish<O: OffsetSizeTrait>() {
        let mut builder = GenericStringBuilder::<O>::with_capacity(3, 11);

        builder.append_value("hello");
        builder.append_value("rust");
        builder.append_null();

        builder.finish();
        assert!(builder.is_empty());
        assert_eq!(&[O::zero()], builder.offsets_slice());

        builder.append_value("arrow");
        builder.append_value("parquet");
        let arr = builder.finish();
        // array should not have null buffer because there is not `null` value.
        assert!(arr.nulls().is_none());
        assert_eq!(GenericStringArray::<O>::from(vec!["arrow", "parquet"]), arr,)
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_string_array_builder_finish() {
        _test_generic_string_array_builder_finish::<i32>()
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_large_string_array_builder_finish() {
        _test_generic_string_array_builder_finish::<i64>()
    }

    fn _test_generic_string_array_builder_finish_cloned<O: OffsetSizeTrait>() {
        let mut builder = GenericStringBuilder::<O>::with_capacity(3, 11);

        builder.append_value("hello");
        builder.append_value("rust");
        builder.append_null();

        let mut arr = builder.finish_cloned();
        assert!(!builder.is_empty());
        assert_eq!(3, arr.len());

        builder.append_value("arrow");
        builder.append_value("parquet");
        arr = builder.finish();

        assert!(arr.nulls().is_some());
        assert_eq!(&[O::zero()], builder.offsets_slice());
        assert_eq!(5, arr.len());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_string_array_builder_finish_cloned() {
        _test_generic_string_array_builder_finish_cloned::<i32>()
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_large_string_array_builder_finish_cloned() {
        _test_generic_string_array_builder_finish_cloned::<i64>()
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_extend() {
        let mut builder = GenericStringBuilder::<i32>::new();
        builder.extend(["a", "b", "c", "", "a", "b", "c"].into_iter().map(Some));
        builder.extend(["d", "cupcakes", "hello"].into_iter().map(Some));
        let array = builder.finish();
        assert_eq!(array.value_offsets(), &[0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 15, 20]);
        assert_eq!(array.value_data(), b"abcabcdcupcakeshello");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_write_str() {
        let mut builder = GenericStringBuilder::<i32>::new();
        write!(builder, "foo").unwrap();
        builder.append_value("");
        writeln!(builder, "bar").unwrap();
        builder.append_value("");
        write!(builder, "fiz").unwrap();
        write!(builder, "buz").unwrap();
        builder.append_value("");
        let a = builder.finish();
        let r: Vec<_> = a.iter().flatten().collect();
        assert_eq!(r, &["foo", "bar\n", "fizbuz"])
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_write_bytes() {
        let mut builder = GenericBinaryBuilder::<i32>::new();
        write!(builder, "foo").unwrap();
        builder.append_value("");
        writeln!(builder, "bar").unwrap();
        builder.append_value("");
        write!(builder, "fiz").unwrap();
        write!(builder, "buz").unwrap();
        builder.append_value("");
        let a = builder.finish();
        let r: Vec<_> = a.iter().flatten().collect();
        assert_eq!(
            r,
            &["foo".as_bytes(), "bar\n".as_bytes(), "fizbuz".as_bytes()]
        )
    }
}